science paper -Estimating Flight Characteristics of Anomalous Unidentified Aerial Vehicles

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Estimating Flight Characteristics of Anomalous Unidentified Aerial Vehicles
Kevin H. Knuth * ORCID logo , Robert M. Powell , Peter A. Reali Version 1 : Received: 21 August 2019 / Approved: 22 August 2019 / Online: 22 August 2019 (11:50:30

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Abstract
A number of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) encountered by military, commercial, and civilian aircraft have been reported to be structured craft that exhibit 'impossible' flight characteristics. We consider a handful of well-documented encounters, including the 2004 encounters with the Nimitz Carrier Group off the coast of California, and estimate lower bounds on the accelerations exhibited by the craft during the observed maneuvers. Estimated accelerations range from almost 100g to 1000s of g's with no observed air disturbance, no sonic booms, and no evidence of excessive heat commensurate with even the minimal estimated energies. In accordance with observations, the estimated parameters describing the behavior of these craft are both anomalous and surprising. The extreme estimated flight characteristics reveal that these observations are either fabricated or seriously in error, or that these craft exhibit technology far more advanced than any known craft on Earth. In many cases, the number and quality of witnesses, the variety of roles they played in the encounters, and the equipment used to track and record the craft favor the latter hypothesis that these are indeed technologically advanced craft. The observed flight characteristics of these craft are consistent with the flight characteristics required for interstellar travel. That is, if these observed accelerations were sustainable in space, then these craft could easily reach relativistic speeds within a matter of minutes to hours and cover interstellar distances in a matter of days to weeks, proper time.

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Conclusions
It is difficult to draw any useful conclusions at this point. We have characterized the accelerations 318 of a number of UAVs and have demonstrated that if they are craft then they are indeed anomalous, 319 displaying technical capabilities far exceeding those of our fastest aircraft and spacecraft. It is not clear 320 that these objects are extraterrestrial in origin, but it is extremely difficult to imagine that anyone on 321 Earth with such technology would not put it to use. Moreover, observations of similar UAPs go back 322 to well before the era of flight [1]. Collectively, these observations strongly suggest that these UAVs 323 should be carefully studied by scientists [9–13]. 324

Unfortunately, the attitude that the study of UAVs (UFOs) is “unscientific” pervades the scientific 325 community, including SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) [31], which is surprising, especially 326 since efforts are underway to search for extraterrestrial artifacts in the solar system [32–36], in particular, 327 on the Moon, Mars, asteroids [37], and at Earth-associated Lagrange points. Ironically, such attitudes 328 inhibit scientific study, perpetuating a state of ignorance about these phenomena that has persisted for 329 well over 70 years, and is now especially detrimental, since answers are presently needed [38–43].

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