Star will zip by the Milky Way's supermassive black hole at nearly 3% the speed of light

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At the center of the Milky Way galaxy, some 26,000 light-years away, lies a supermassive black hole known as Sagittarius A*. With a mass of roughly 4 million Suns, this colossal cosmic object is a gravitational heavyweight. When something, such as a star, passes by the black hole's outer rim, its enormous gravitational pull accelerates the star to speeds of up to 18.5 million miles (30 million kilometers) per hour – or about three percent the speed of light. The short list of high-velocity stars that make such close approaches to Sagittarius A* are known as S-stars.

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S0-2 is an important star for testing gravitational redshift because it makes the closest known approach to Sagittarius A*, reaching a distance of just 17 light-hours, or three times the distance between the Sun and Pluto. This means that S0-2 should feel a noticeable nudge in its orbit due the extreme gravitational forces it will experience during its closest pass by Sagittarius A* since its last (16 years ago). Although astronomers knew about S0-2 when it made its last close pass, at the time, they did not have instruments precise enough to definitively observe a gravitational redshift in its starlight. Now they do.