Scope Help- Explain this stuff to me like I'm five

I'm a lifelong bird hunter and spend at least 30 days a year in the blind. That said, I do enjoy taking a deer every so often just for the freezer. I got a Browning Medallion in 300WSM for Christmas many years ago and being the broke college kid, I just tossed on a Nikon Prostaff scope and it's always been sufficient for knocking down a doe or something at 100-150 yards. Recognizing that I had the equivalent of a Corvette with $200 tires on it, my thought was that if I could ever afford a hunt that required better optics, I could afford a better scope too.

Last month, I was invited to go on a pretty legit deer hunt. It had been a few years since I had fired the gun, so went to site it in and couldn't find paper at 100. Walked it in to 50 and it was high 8 inches, left 8 inches. Made necessary adjustments and it was still high and left 7 or 8 inches. Despite the amount of adjustments, it just wouldn't come down or over. Ended up borrowing a buddies rifle for the weekend.

I've started my hunt for a new scope and am willing to put something on it that is more in line with the gun's capabilities. That said, I didn't grow up shooting a lot of rifles and I am having trouble making heads or tails of the scopes advertised capabilities. For example, the Leuopold VX-3HD CDS-ZL 4.5-14X 50MM OBJ 20.50-7.60 FT @ 100 YDS FOV 1" TUBE BLACK sounds pretty badass, but I have no idea what all that crap means besides it comes in black and that something on it is 50MM in length or maybe circumference?

So, of all those numbers and decimals and crap, what are the numbers I need to care about? What numbers are just there to look cool? Not really looking for recommendations on scopes so much as an understanding of what all the data points are (though I am reading good things about Leupolds warranty).

Appreciate any thoughts yall have.