Back Flooding

It's what a bathtub does when you close the drain.

Overcomplicated for simple minds, such as yours.

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So, let's say river of some size takes on too much water and it begins moving back into the tribs? Is that it?

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Pretty much.

Too much volume of water for the river to handle.

water will always seek lowest ground.

if the ground is lower than the crest water will flow up tribs.

Think of the crest of the main waterway as a boat. As the crest moves down it throws a wake up the smaller tributaries

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Overcomplicated term for flooding.

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No, flooding is what we had initially. Back flooding is what it's called when waterways flood from the burden of draining flooded areas. Don't think your tub overflowing. Imagine taking a shite and a shower at one time, and instead of going down the drain it ends up in your dishwahser or sink or somewhere else that your main line brings the water.

Basically a small river is overtaxed and it floods, but the flooding is due to draining floodwater, so it's back flooding.