re: Is hitting muscle groups once per week enough?

In my opinion, programs like this give too much volume on one day. For example, squat and front squat are both compound movements that take a lot of energy and technique to complete. If you are moving 80% of your max on back squat I don't think there's really anyway you can maximize the effectiveness of the front squat.

I personally loved Wendlers BBB program (you can fine it online all over the place). Using your program it would be something like barbell bench on Monday with some accessories followed by incline on Thursday. Back squat on Tuesday, front squat Friday. I found this gave me just enough recovery time to maximize the stimulus of each lift while still getting a lot of volume.

The program you posted looks good overall, I just think you could max it out more by moving the big lifts into split days.