House passes Trump’s ‘big, beautiful bill’ in marathon overnight session

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House passes Trump’s ‘big, beautiful bill’ in marathon overnight session
by Mychael Schnell and Emily Brooks
05/22/25 6:56 AM ET

House Republicans on Thursday morning passed a sweeping bill full of President Trump’s legislative priorities, marking a major win for Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) but kicking off what is expected to be a bitter battle with the Senate over achieving key parts of the White House’s policy agenda.

The chamber cleared the sprawling package in a 215-214 early-morning vote after days of marathon meetings, intense negotiations that spanned both ends of Pennsylvania Avenue, and a series of last-minute changes to the bill, which were crucial in coalescing Republicans around the measure.

In the end, just two Republicans — Reps. Thomas Massie (Ky.) and Warren Davidson (Ohio) — opposed the legislation. House Freedom Caucus Chair Andy Harris (R-Md.) voted “present.”

The bill — titled the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” adopting Trump’s slogan for the measure — extends the tax cuts enacted by the president in 2017; boosts funding for border, deportation, and national defense priorities; imposes reforms, like beefed-up work requirements, on Medicaid that are projected to result in millions of low-income individuals losing health insurance; rolls back green energy tax incentives; and increases the debt limit by $4 trillion, among many other provisions.

Its passage marks a massive victory for Johnson, who successfully cajoled scores of Republican holdouts — from hardline conservatives to vulnerable moderates — to support the bill before his self-imposed Memorial Day deadline, muscling it through his razor-thin majority.
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But even as Democrats launch their attacks, passage of the legislation is a win for Trump. After the president unsuccessfully lobbied Republican holdouts to support the bill during a rare visit to Capitol Hill on Tuesday, he convened the rabble-rousers at the White House hours before the vote and helped broker an agreement that brought them on board. Opposition to the bill, the White House warned, would be the “ultimate betrayal.”

The legislation, though, has a long way to go before it hits Trump’s desk. The Senate is eyeing several changes to the bill that are certain to spark ire in the House — including watering down Medicaid changes and making some tax provisions permanent — setting the stage for a chamber-vs-chamber fight and a legislative ping-pong across the Capitol.

Senate Majority Leader John Thune (R-S.D.) is already signaling those tweaks.

“There are dials and tweaks on some of the tax issues that our members will want to talk about,” Thune said Tuesday.


The clock is ticking. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said Congress must raise the debt limit by mid-July to avoid an economy-rattling default, leaving lawmakers little time to hash out their differences and deliver Trump a bill he can sign into law.

Republican leaders have said they want to enact the package by July 4.
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Leadership proposed a $30,000 deduction cap for individuals making $400,000 or less, a proposal SALT Caucus members vehemently rejected. Instead, the group floated a $62,000 deduction cap for single filers, and a $124,000 cap for joint filers — highlighting the gulf between the groups.

In the end, after days of tense negotiations that saw a handful of blowups, lawmakers agreed on a $40,000 deduction cap for individuals making $500,000 or less.

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