re: At its core, what actually causes radical Islamist's ideals?

It's being a loser

But why do they hate us? What have we done to deserve such animosity and contempt?

"The Quran has over 100 verses promoting violence and fighting"

Well the time period in which the Qu'ran was revealed was supremely violent, as the broader Byzantine-Sassanid War was the backdrop of the first revelations. It's no surprise that there are violent verses, nor should it be any surprise that Islamists seek to return to a world in which they were not dominated by the West. Reading Milestones by Qutb gives the clearest sense of the feeling of inferiority that perpetual colonialism, as well as rising Turkish nationalism, caused in the Arab world in particular. That inferiority drives part of the Islamist ideology, while another part is the desire to organize the state around Islamic principles, which is the defining characteristic of Islamists for me.

There are groups of Muslims who are becoming prominent that admit that Islam has violent tendencies and there needs to be reform. How would Islamic reform happen though? It certainly won't come from non-Muslims in the West. It will come from the workarounds in the tradition of Islamic jurisprudence. If there is any hope for real reform, that's where it lies.

The actual scholarly work by Islamic scholars is much more nuanced than one would think. There is an article I'm reading called Jihad and its Legitimacy in the Qu'ran, written by a disciple of Khomeini, and it is much more nuanced than I thought it would be. I'll try to find a PDF.

Well the Islamists pick and choose verses and rarely offer context, so those political desires seem reason enough to indoctrinate.

So are islamists in the wrong?

Why are muslims so susceptible to brain washing?

How does that relate to world domination? Under sharia law.

Satan

I apologize if I can't give you a simple answer, but the Qu'ran's goal, in the book itself, seems to me to be an attempt at providing a framework for living for newly united Arab tribes. It's historical genesis seems to be combining various Jewish, Christian, Zoroastrian, and pre-Islamic Arab stories into texts similar to the Old and New Testament. What it's goal is, though, will vary depending on who is reading the text and what their interpretation of it will be, hence why there is such wide variation in the pattern of practice of the religion.