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Bard Goes Long-Form on "Living Wage" (TLDR warning)

Posted on 7/25/21 at 6:34 pm
Posted by Bard
Definitely NOT an admin
Member since Oct 2008
55698 posts
Posted on 7/25/21 at 6:34 pm
Recently I was posed a question: "Is it economically feasible to pay all workers a living wage?"

As most who post in Poli know, it's not. Especially when that "living wage" is proponed at $15/hour. To those who would argue (or those who just don't know how/why it's not), first read my answer then respond with facts backing your claims.

The short answer: No.
The longer answer:

To understand this we first have to understand what the reality is for a business in this country.

Most businesses in this country (99.9%) are small businesses, employing less than 100 people. Small businesses run a profit margin of 7%-10% and the average salary of a small business owner is around $70k-$72/yr.

LINK, LINK and LINK

These businesses employ between 50%-60% of all US employed persons.

Now someone might look at some of these numbers and think “waaaait, small businesses pull in TONS of money!

quote:

In 2007, businesses with one to four employees averaged $387,000 in revenue per year, while those with five to nine employees averaged $1,080,000. And the numbers continue to increase from there: Small businesses with 10 to 19 employees averaged $2,164,000 in revenue, those with 20 to 99 employees averaged $7,124,000


That looks impressive, right? It is, right up to the point where you find out that’s gross revenue, not what’s left over after taxes and expenses… expenses like “payroll”. Payroll tends to run ~20%-30% of gross revenues, meaning that before taxes and all the other expenses (debt payment on loans, new equipment, etc) that quote from above looks more like this (I’m splitting the difference and using 25%):

quote:

In 2007, businesses with one to four employees averaged $290,250 in revenue per year, while those with five to nine employees averaged $810,000. And the numbers continue to increase from there: Small businesses with 10 to 19 employees averaged $1,623,000 in revenue, those with 20 to 99 employees averaged $5,343,000


Next we have to understand that “a living wage” is subjective. What someone single, with no dependents, who lives modestly in a small town in Kentucky may consider “a living wage” is going to be vastly different than someone with a spouse who doesn’t work, two kids and a dog all living in San Francisco will consider to be “a living wage”.

For argument’s sake let’s peg that at the current $15/hr being proponed by some. That brings us now to where we can do some basic estimating.

So let’s say you’re running a small business with 15 employees and you’re paying them all $10/hr (assuming no supervisors, for easier math) and they are each working 40 hours per week and the “living wage” of $15/hr is mandated, you’ve increased your payroll costs from $312k/yr to $468k/yr (adding $156k annually). So now your $810k in gross revenue is cut $342k. Federal taxes vary depending on whether you’re a sole proprietor, S corp, etc so again I’ll split the difference (and even estimate low) at taxes being 20%.

Twenty percent federal taxes on $810k is $162k so we subtract that from the remaining monies of $342k to come to $180k. And you still haven’t paid yourself, state income taxes nor a host of other expenses.

Average state tax (for those what tax income) is ~7%. Seven percent of $810k is $56,700 so you’re now down to $123,300 and you still haven’t paid yourself nor utilities, nor paid on any bank loans, bought office supplies, etc. (and this is assuming you aren’t paying a lease for your building). You also haven’t paid for any insurance for your employees nor property upkeep.

So now let’s look at building space for utilities. At the extreme low end you’ll want 80sqft per employee. 15 employees plus yourself is ~1,300 sqft (to give yourself a teeny office). Let’s be conservative and say it costs around $400/month for just the electricity (computers, lights, a/c-heat, people coming in and out of the building, etc).

That’s another $4,800 so you’re down to $118,500 and you still haven’t paid yourself nor provided insurance for your employees yet.

The average insurance paid by employers is just under $6k per employee per year.

So for your 15 employees that’s $90k so they can be insured, leaving your business with an “almost” net revenue (“almost” because there are still bills to be paid, your property needs insurance after all, for instance) of $28,500.

This doesn’t account for anyone else other than yourself as management (so no time off nor vacations) and you still haven’t paid nor insured yourself.

After that we have to realize that for a small business to raise the pay on those under the proposed amount, they also have to adjust pay for those above that amount to some extent (for example, a supervisor suddenly making as much or less than their subordinates likely isn’t going to want to stay being a supervisor for long).

So paying “a living wage” is far more than just raising the pay of a few people at a given business to a new Minimum Wage.


***EDIT***
Thanks to Korkstand for pointing out where I screwed up in my accounting. The actual final answer (including things like leases, IT and Accounting services, etc.) is ~$700k-$500k.
This post was edited on 7/25/21 at 9:22 pm
Posted by Bard
Definitely NOT an admin
Member since Oct 2008
55698 posts
Posted on 7/25/21 at 6:35 pm to


Now let’s consider that the extra money to pay all those people has to come from somewhere and you can only cut so much from office supplies before you can’t do your job any longer. Where does that extra money come from?

Raising prices, cutting staff or both.

While your mileage on this may vary due to changes in inputs from location to location, that’s the average of it from a microeconomics stance (although with it being so generalized an argument can easily be made for it being macro).

Buuuuuuuuut… wait, Mr. Smartypants! Wouldn’t all those people making extra money bring more business thus increasing profits,” you might be asking with macroeconomics in mind.. In a vacuum, sure, but it’s not a vacuum. It’s faaaaaaaar from a vacuum.

The first thing that happens is the increased cost to the business. Before a single new sale every business across the country will experience the similar*** increases in the cost of labor. Vastly increased costs before increased profits = layoffs, price increases or both because business can’t/won’t just eat those costs while hoping the market adjusts to cover it in time.

That’s a fancy way of describing the “velocity of money” in the economy. If we follow the Fisherian Theory which is: Money Supply x Velocity of Money = Average Price Level x Amount of Transactions in the Economy (or “M x V = P x T”). This can also be read as V = (P x T) / M. Price and Transactions usually have an inverse relationship so as one goes up, the other goes down. Because both sides of the equation have to equal out we know that the Money supply and Velocity also have an inverse relationship.

Velocity of Circulation - How Velocity of Circulation Causes Inflation

Transactions are the total amount of dollars being exchanged, Velocity is how often those transactions are happening. This means Transactions and Velocity rise and fall together, thus so must the Money supply and Price.

Now if Price goes up and Transactions go down, then the Money supply must go up and Velocity must go down, right?

So if we have government causing the Money supply to go up…



then we know Prices will rise (see: Inflation). Now if we also add into it that Price must rise due to the government-mandated Labor costs, then Transactions and Velocity must drop.

This also means those wanting to “tie the living wage to Inflation” are unknowingly saying “the bigger the fire gets, the more fuel you need to put on it to put it out”.

I know all this macro detail is awesome, but it doesn’t stop there!



The US Dollar is a fiat currency, meaning it’s value isn’t tied to the price of any one thing (like when it was tied to the price of gold when we were on the Gold Standard). Instead the USD is valued by a conglomeration of things, one being the Money supply.

TL;DR of this: the more money there is, the less value it has thus the higher Price goes to have the same value.

The long analogous version: Imagine you are starving. I don’t mean “oh-I-missed-lunch”, that’s just being hungry. I mean “I-haven’t-eaten-in-over-a-week” starving. Ya’ know… STARVING.

So you’re starving as you slowly trundle along a path, wondering if you’ll die soon. In the distance you see a store with a sign, “FREE ALL-YOU-CAN-EAT BURGER BUFFET: $1.00!” But you have no money at all, nothing to even barter.

And then you see it: a lone Dollar lying on the side of the road. How important to you is that Dollar at that moment? Pretty honkin’ important. It literally represents “life” for you will starve to death otherwise.

Now imagine that same scenario but instead of being broke you are pulling a wagon full of Dollars. How important is that roadside Dollar now? Does it have the same level of value to you as it did in the other scenario?

No, of course not. And that’s why too much Money supply can create Inflation.

So to mandate “a living wage” in our environment would create even more Inflation than we see now and that’s from both micro and macro levels.

Similar***: So if you remember earlier I highlighted this word and put asterisks. Why did I do that? Because it’s important.

We have quite a few companies which can eat those increased Labor costs. Easily. Companies like Amazon, Apple, Exxon-Mobile, etc. make quarterly net profits… no, wait…. QUARTERLY NET PROFITS OF OVER A BILLION DOLLARS. Net profits. Quarterly.

These companies can weather Labor cost increases, even with tens of thousands of employees.

For example, Apple has ~147,000 employees in the US. Let’s give all of them, regardless of their income, that same $5/hr raise mentioned earlier as the “living wage” increase. If they are all working 40 hours per week, that’s an extra $1.5B in payroll. Apple’s NET QUARTERLY PROFITS for the first quarter of this year was $23.63 billion.

Another example is WalMart. WalMart has 1.6 million employees in the US. For WalMart to do the same thing it would take an extra annual $16.64B, but WalMart has rarely had annual profits high enough for that. So instead they’ve increased pay their very bottom earners. WalMart also is able to offer great deals on goods because they buy so freaking much. Now compare their ability to sell goods cheaper and their “living wage” pay (or pay that’s closer to it) to the 99.9% of small businesses like we discussed above.

Now compare companies like these to the average small business in the US I laid out earlier. What happens to small businesses (99.9% of the businesses) versus what happens to large corporations when “a living wage” is mandated? The small, local businesses close or shrink while the massive corporations weather the storm. Eventually only sole proprietor and massive corporations businesses would be left.
This post was edited on 7/25/21 at 6:38 pm
Posted by TigerOnTheMountain
Higher Elevation
Member since Oct 2014
41773 posts
Posted on 7/25/21 at 6:37 pm to
Damn bro, I left behind econ classes a long time ago
This post was edited on 7/25/21 at 6:38 pm
Posted by Korkstand
Member since Nov 2003
29002 posts
Posted on 7/25/21 at 6:50 pm to
You sliced off 25% for payroll ($1.08m to $810k), then you sliced off the full payroll AGAIN ($810k to $342k), in effect paying your employees $23.65/hr. Further, you have 15 employees but you're using the average revenue for a business with only 5-9 employees.

I wonder why your numbers don't look so great?
Posted by Bard
Definitely NOT an admin
Member since Oct 2008
55698 posts
Posted on 7/25/21 at 8:22 pm to
quote:

You sliced off 25% for payroll ($1.08m to $810k), then you sliced off the full payroll AGAIN ($810k to $342k), in effect paying your employees $23.65/hr. Further, you have 15 employees but you're using the average revenue for a business with only 5-9 employees.

I wonder why your numbers don't look so great?




Mother.
fricker.


Posted by Gifman
Member since Jan 2021
15007 posts
Posted on 7/25/21 at 8:23 pm to
Gimme some cliffs notes on that baw
Posted by Bard
Definitely NOT an admin
Member since Oct 2008
55698 posts
Posted on 7/25/21 at 9:18 pm to
quote:

Gimme some cliffs notes on that baw


Cliffs for the first post: Don't stop mid-writing to have lunch. If you do, when you come back make sure you go back over your work with a fine-toothed comb.


Cliffs for the 2nd post: forcing the Labor floor to rise while the Money supply is getting expanded would mean even more Inflation than we are seeing now.
Posted by jjgeaux
BR Metro
Member since Oct 2018
74 posts
Posted on 7/25/21 at 10:09 pm to
It's simple for me.... Hey politicians and govt, make the pay $100 per hour, it doesn't matter, I'll raise prices to match the margin needed to continue in business and so will everyone else. Your move!
Posted by David_DJS
Member since Aug 2005
20885 posts
Posted on 7/25/21 at 10:20 pm to
quote:

It's simple for me.... Hey politicians and govt, make the pay $100 per hour, it doesn't matter, I'll raise prices to match the margin needed to continue in business and so will everyone else. Your move

Minimum wage is one of those things that makes how disingenuous the Left is come through loud and clear. Without doing something about labor supply/demand or labor efficiency, there is simply no way to change labor's economic outcome outside of divvying up the pie differently, and history proves that (again) outside of a fundamental shift in supply/demand or efficiency, the more unskilled/inexperienced you are the less power you have to claw real wage growth from the others with their fingers in the pie (managers, owners). So then you look at the southern border it becomes obvious the rhetoric from the Left on wages is complete bullshite to mask the fact that their importing millions and millions more unskilled/low skilled labor absolutely makes hopeless the prospects of the American unskilled worker. In fact, the Left's southern border policy is a transfer of wealth from the American underclass upwards. That's a fact.
This post was edited on 7/25/21 at 10:23 pm
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