re: Interesting new research data on guns in America

The bringing of "coolies" to America to supplement the African slave shortage

CHINESE AND IRISH
Three thousand Irish immigrants work mainly on the Union Pacific line going West to East. In 1866, 3,000 Chinese are hired and soon make up 75% of the Central Pacific (West to East) workforce of 10,000 to 12,000 men. Thought incapable of hard work, their boiling of water for green tea means they escape the dysentery that strikes down the Irish. And the Chinese are rarely drunk. The Irish live in tents and die instantly in avalanches. The Chinese prefer tunnels but some survive rock fall only to be buried alive. But the Irish don’t pay for their board. Wanting equality, the Chinese strike in 1867, and demand better wages and an end to whippings. Their food supplies are blocked and they’re starved back into work.

“They were considered somewhere between human and animal. They were not expected to survive. They were expected to come here and work and die." Margaret Cho

History of Chineese involvement in building infrastructure of US

Internment of Japanese long after blacks were freed and an active part of military enforcement of camps

More Asian racism:

Asian Americans[edit]





A Sinophobic cartoon called "Yellow terror" appearing in the United States in 1899
See also: Sinophobia, Chinese American history, Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States, Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States and Yellow Peril

In the Pacific States, racism was primarily directed against the resident Asian immigrants. Several immigration laws discriminated against the Asians, and at different points the ethnic Chinese or other groups were banned from entering the United States.[46] Nonwhites were prohibited from testifying against whites, a prohibition extended to the Chinese by People v. Hall.[47] The Chinese were often subject to harder labor on the First Transcontinental Railroad and often performed the more dangerous tasks such as using dynamite to make pathways through the mountains.[48] Anti-Chinese sentiment was also rife in early Los Angeles, culminating in a notorious 1871 riot in which a mob attacked Chinese residents.[49]

During World War II, the United States created internment camps for Japanese-American citizens in fear that they would be used as spies for the Japanese.[50] Currently implemented immigration laws are still largely plagued with national origin-based quotas that are unfavorable to Asian countries due to large populations and historically low U.S. immigration rates[51]

Over the winter spanning 1929 and 1930, anti-Filipino racism exploded in the Central Coast area surrounding Watsonville over labor tensions and general xenophobia. Filipino farm workers were terrorized for "taking jobs from whites", and for mixing with white women; in California, and many states, Filipinos were barred from marrying White Americans (a group which included Hispanic Americans). Violence was directed towards Filipinos, some resulting in deaths, and a Filipino establishment was dynamited. A race war broke out in the Bay Area, with roving gangs of whites pulling Filipinos from their homes and dwellings, until the violence subsided. As a result of the riots, California's attitude changed towards importing cheaper Asian labor, moving towards utilizing cheaper Mexican labor instead.[52]