BCS: How did Manuel (Nacho's father) know Gustavo Fring was a drug dealer?

AI says

In Better Call Saul, Manuel Varga (Nacho's father) never actually met Gustavo Fring face-to-face and likely didn't even know his name. However, he correctly identified Gus as a drug dealer through Mike Ehrmantraut's vague descriptions and the context of the criminal underworld.

Here is how Manuel "knew":
Inference from Mike's Visit: In Season 6, Episode 9 ("Fun and Games"), Mike visits Manuel at his shop to tell him that Nacho is dead and that the "justice" he sought is coming for the Salamancas.

The "Gangster" Label: When Mike tries to explain that he works for someone who is a rival to the Salamancas (Gus), Manuel shuts him down immediately. He doesn't need a name; he recognizes Mike's "boss" as just another "gangster" in the same cycle of violence.

Rejection of "Justice": Manuel famously tells Mike, "What you talk about... it is not justice. It is revenge." To Manuel, there is no moral difference between the Salamancas and Gus Fring—they are all part of the same drug trade that killed his son.

Observational Awareness: Earlier in the series, Manuel had already seen Nacho's involvement with the cartel firsthand when Hector Salamanca tried to use his upholstery shop as a front. By the time Mike arrives, Manuel has fully realized that everyone involved in that world, including the "other guys" Mike represents, are drug dealers and criminals.

Ultimately, Manuel's "knowledge" was an intuitive realization that Mike was a mercenary for a rival drug lord, even if he never saw Gus's face or his chicken restaurants

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Why didn’t Jack kill Walt after killing Hank?


Because Todd, his nephew, looked up to/respected Walt

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Yes...

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Jack: (to Walt) Hey. I'm leaving you a barrel. Boys are gonna load it for you.
(to his men) You got the keys to these cuffs?

(HANDCUFFS RATTLE as Todd unlocks them, Walt gets to his feet)

Todd: I'm sorry for your loss.

Jack: My nephew here, he respects you. He would never forgive me if things...went another way. Also, I'll be honest, you caught me in one hell of a good mood.

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...and they were fufilling their contract with Walt to find and kill Jesse. And Walt would be a good source of meth cooking information in the future. They viewed Walt as a fellow arch criminal who deserved their respect; not just an inconvenient witness.