Can someone please explain the recent Obamacare ruling?

TLDR version

Individual mandate was repealed in the tax law. Roberts upheld the ACA based on twisting the mandate into a tax. Without the mandate states again sued that the law was unconstitutional and this judge agreed.

Obamacare stays as this works it’s way back to SCOTUS. Ultimately it will be struck down or Roberts will humiliate himself again.

This ruling will almost certainly be overturned on appeal, and I assume the USSC will refuse to hear it.

The lack of the individual mandate has no bearing on Medicaid expansion funding, allowing adults to stay on their parents plans, or regulations about which preventative measures must be covered as part of a plan.

The individual mandate was just about subsidizing cost for pre-existing conditions and retaining profit for insurance companies. There was a whole lot more shite in the law that a $0 penalty has no effect on.

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Why did it take 5+ years to determine it was unconstitutional?

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It was ruled unconstitutional based on legislative changes from the 2017 tax cut bill that removed the individual mandate

When ACA was first being debated in court it was upheld as constitutional because the individual mandate was considered a tax