re: Handgun - Knockdown Power vs Concealment

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There is “one shot stop” data out there for handguns. 45, 40, and 357 sig significantly out performed the 9mm.

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If you're referring to the Marshal & Sanow "studies," they have been largely discredited over the years (primarily due to charges of fake data.)

If you're referring to newer studies, I'd like to see a link.

I'm surprised no one has linked the "chart" that compares penetration tests of commonly carried SD handgun calibers. Here it is, along with a brief (but well analyzed) essay.

Caliber Comparison Chart The TL;DR version of the essay is pasted below:
Shoot the largest caliber you can consistently shoot accurately and quickly. If that is a .22 LR then shoot a .22 LR. If it’s a .44 magnum, then shoot a .44 magnum. There’s not a significant difference in effect among the 9mm, .40, and .45. I opted for the 9mm for higher capacity, shorter shot-to-shot recovery, and cost (lower cost = more training ammo). Don’t go below .380 if possible and avoid the .22 and .25 caliber pistols.

Shot placement is far more important than what caliber to use. Someone being shot in their hand with a .44 magnum is less likely to stop their hostile action (attempted murder) than someone shot center of mass with a .380. The only shot placement that will instantly stop someone is a central nervous system shot.