The Power Play in hockey is the best way to handle penalties of the 4 major sports leagues

In football you're awarded yards and also downs. These yards can put a team in and out of scoring range because there's a finite number of yards on the field. Even worse they can give a team an automatic 1st down. Nothing more demoralizing than when it's 3rd and 10 and there's defensive holding and boom 5 yards and an auto first down when the QB may have not been looking that way anyway.

Basketball you get free throws. That's free points on the board for a basket that may or may not have been made. Scoring is so prevalent in the league that no one questions it and is usually (I say usually) balances out but sometimes it doesn't and you have one team getting like +20 points at the stripe compared to the opponent and even have players with the intention and strategy of fishing for fouls. Not a fun product to watch imo.

There really isn't a "penalty" in baseball akin to the other sports aside from ejections and stuff when players or managers feel like getting ejected. But as far as ref influence goes baseball is kind of inexcusable but we want to maintain the human element of inconsistent strike zones for reasons. So striking out looking on something outside the zone is ok because he should have swung at something outside the zone on a 1-2 count, he shouldn't have let it get to 1-2 according to the ump's subjective strike zone. OK

At least with hockey even though it's 5 on 4 (usually, sometimes it's 5 on 3 or 4 on 4 staggered) the team with the disadvantage can ice the puck legally without stoppage to burn time so they get a bit of a perk, and the team with the advantage still has to convert and not commit a penalty themselves during their time. They have to earn that shite it's not just awarded to them and most of the time they don't, the highest PP% in league history is 32% or just under 1/3 of the time. That's the best ever.