re: First Job Salary Negotiation.

I think you're over thinking this. Remember, these guys are people with families too, they have to make the same decisions in their life. Most of them aren't blatant assholes trying to screw you over.

Call them up and discuss it. It's not "on the spot" as they know they can say "give us some time to consider it", just like you did with offer. You're offered more money and equal benefits. If the location doesn't make up that gap, then try to reach a deal that does.

I wouldn't use subjective terms. Be straightforward. Don't say get close to range, etc. Tell them you have a direct competing offer for X, and you would like them to match that salary. If they don't, go to Company B. If they get close, make a decision based on happiness. If they don't budge, clearly the 15% is worth it (re: this thread) and if they don't discuss/attempt to compete, I wouldn't expect them to do so during your career.