Meyer lemon tree problems

You must have really cut it back! I prune my citrus every few years to keep them to a reasonable height (approx. 10 feet)and always have fruit the following year. I prune as soon as I pick the last fruit, which is well before any flower buds start forming. I hit them pretty hard this past January and I have hundreds of fruit on each tree.

Meyer lemons are significantly more thorny than other citrus so do not cut off all branches with thorns but you can wack back the suckering branches. Do you fertilize (usually fall and summer), how much sun?, in the ground or a pot?

Citrus are difficult to prune because there are no good branches to follow and train and when you cut the terminal buds, you force production of side shoots, which will create a very bushy plant. I cut entire branches back to a fork rather than just cut them at some predetermined length, which tends to reduce side sprouts. Sprouting should decrease once a dominant bud is reestablished, which suppresses other buds. Until then, keep cutting the side sprouts that you do not want to develop into strong branches.