re: Is there any historical evidence of diversity working out?

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Depends on the level of differences. Just look at the history of the English Isles. Many different peoples lived and fought over that land since before the Romans. The Norse threw their hat in there as well. The UK has worked pretty well from 1707 until recent times where people with more radical differences are being brought in.

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It is such a broad topic and hard to narrow down. I'm not arguing against what you said, as it still is diversity to an extent.

If we just look at the general groups/tribes of the region they were different, but they shared the same general traditions, huge overlap in y-dna (R1b heavy w/ I1 mixture), same general religion/shared gods/beliefs, practices (each group had their own traditions, gods, festivals too) -- burial practices, similar basic words and sentence structure (proto-germanic languages), these groups used runes to write out stories, all generally come from the yamnaya migration into Europe. I don't believe they were really that different. Probably why most of the continent has had success compared to, well the rest of the planet.

if you want a fun deep dive:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalith



Just want to add some argue against the yamnaya migration story being the main root of our migration into europe and say we are purely the descendants of the stone age Neanderthals w/ yamnaya mixture added in.